[41] Hyder Consulting's role was to supervise construction, certify the architect's design, and be the engineer and architect of record to the UAE authorities. [7][8], Critical reception to Burj Khalifa has been generally positive, and the building has received many awards. [83] WET Enterprises, who also developed the Dubai Fountain, developed the park's six water features. When Adrian Smith was conceiving the project at SOM, he looked out his office window toward Lake Point Tower's curved three wing layout, "There's the prototype", he said. [44][63], Unmanned machines clean the top 27 additional tiers and the glass spire. 3 compare the concept, shape, and height of other well-known super-tall high rise towers. Subsequent to the original design by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, Emaar Properties chose Hyder Consulting to be the supervising engineer and NORR Group Consultants International Ltd to supervise the architecture of the project. Introduction Burj Khalifa is the largest skyscraper in the world with a height of 2722 feet. 1 October 2009: Emaar announces that the exterior of the building is completed. [139] However, workplace injuries and fatalities in the UAE are "poorly documented", according to Human Rights Watch. RECREATIONAL AREA 10. [88] Samsung C&T built the tower in a joint venture with BESIX from Belgium and Arabtec from the UAE. International Architecture Award (Mixed Use) from International Commercial Property Awards. [35][36] Due to its tubular system, proportionally only half the amount of steel was used in the construction, compared to the Empire State Building. NORR was also responsible for the architectural integration drawings for the Armani Hotel included in the Tower. Decade of Design, Presidential Commendation in Corporate Space Small from. Design Excellence Award: Special Function Room. The Y-shaped tripartite floor geometry is designed to optimize residential and hotel space. [19], Over 45,000 m3 (58,900 cu yd) of concrete, weighing more than 110,000 tonnes (120,000 short tons; 110,000 long tons) were used to construct the concrete and steel foundation, which features 192 piles; each pile is 1.5 metre in diameter by 43 m in length, buried more than 50 m (164 ft) deep. Emaar Properties also engaged GHD, an international multidisciplinary consulting firm, to act as an independent verification and testing authority for concrete and steelwork. The tower was constructed by Samsung C&T from South Korea, which also did work on the Petronas Twin Towers and Taipei 101. [101][102][103][104][105], In March 2009, Mohamed Ali Alabbar, chairman of the project's developer, Emaar Properties, said office space pricing at Burj Khalifa reached US$4,000 per sq ft (over US$43,000 per m²) and the Armani Residences, also in Burj Khalifa, sold for US$3,500 per sq ft (over US$37,500 per m²). × How can we help you? SERVICE YARD 1 11. Standing proud and pampered like a celebrity by the world, the Burj Khalifa facts are as interesting as the building itself. [10], Construction began in January 2004, with the exterior of the structure completed on 1 October 2009. "He (Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum) wanted to put Dubai on the map with something really sensational," said Jacqui Josephson, a tourism and VIP delegations executive at Nakheel Properties. The primary structure is reinforced concrete. Burj Khalifa is home to 57 elevators and 8 escalators the building service/fireman’s elevator have a capacity of 5,500 kg and is the world’s tallest service elevator. The concept of profitability derived from building high density developments and malls around the landmark have proven successful. 17 June 2008: Emaar announces that Burj Khalifa's height is over 636 m (2,087 ft) and that its final height will not be given until it is completed in September 2009. Construction of the project began in 2004 and the exterior of the building was completed in 2009.It is a reinforced concrete structure. [96] "Weak to very weak sandstone and siltstone" was found, just metres below the surface. The cladding system consists of 142,000 m² of more than 26,000 reflective glass panels and aluminum and textured stainless steel spandrel panels with vertical tubular fins. Close Start Chat. The Burj Khalifa set several world records, including: There are unconfirmed reports of several planned height increases since its inception. [52] The corporate suites and offices were also supposed to open from March onwards,[53] yet the hotel and observation deck remained the only parts of the building which were open in April 2010. The design is reminiscent of Frank Lloyd Wright's vision for The Illinois, a mile-high skyscraper designed for Chicago, as well as Chicago's Lake Point Tower. Also, the Armani Hotel and the Armani Residences occupy a few floors in the structure. Burj Khalifa can be termed as an art gallery. [97] The study described the site as part of a "seismically active area". The structure of the following essay is divided into two main parts: part one is on the issue of project management, and part two is the case study example of the Burj Khalifa project. [4][118], Because of the slumping demand in Dubai's property market, the rents in the Burj Khalifa plummeted 40% some ten months after its opening. The building was originally named Burj Dubai but was renamed in honour of the ruler of Abu Dhabi and president of the United Arab Emirates, Khalifa bin Zayed Al Nahyan;[5] Abu Dhabi and the UAE government lent Dubai money to pay its debts. [citation needed] It was stated that this change did not add any floors, which fit with Smith's attempts to make the crown more slender. [65] On 26 October 2008, Emaar announced that based on results of a naming contest the fountain would be called the Dubai Fountain. 12 August 2007: Surpasses the Sears Tower antenna, which stands 527 m (1,729 ft). The tower's architecture and engineering were performed by Skidmore, Owings & Merrill of Chicago, with Adrian Smith as chief architect, and Bill Baker as chief structural engineer. Hong Kong-based Far East Aluminum combined to provide the exterior cladding for Burj Khalifa. Do you really want to delete this item from your favorites? Decade of Design • Best of Category/Mixed Use Buildings from International Interior Design Association (IIDA). The 124th floor observation deck also features the electronic telescope, an augmented reality device developed by Gsmprjct° of Montréal, which allows visitors to view the surrounding landscape in real-time, and to view previously saved images such as those taken at different times of day or under different weather conditions. The Burj Khalifa project demonstrates the latest development of the construction field. Without the spire, Burj Khalifa would be 585 meters tall. Though the building stands really tall but its underground has just a single floor. [95] The remaining structure above was constructed of lighter steel. "[128], On 18 May 2015, Dubai police disputed a report that a Portuguese national who was in Dubai on a tourist visa fell to her death from Burj Khalifa's "At the Top SKY" observation deck on the 148th floor, and said that this incident took place in Jumeirah Lakes Towers. [151][152], "Burj Dubai" redirects here. [citation needed] Samples were taken from test holes drilled to a depth of 140 metres, finding weak to very weak rock all the way. [63], Outside, WET Enterprises designed a fountain system at a cost of Dh 800 million (US$217 million). GCC Technical Building Project of the Year from. A 304-room Armani Hotel, the first of four by Armani, occupies 15 of the lower 39 floors. Burj Khalifa under construction in October 2006. [21], To wash the 24,348 windows, totaling 120,000 m2 (1,290,000 sq ft) of glass, the building has three horizontal tracks which each holding a 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) bucket machine. CTLGroup, working for Skidmore, Owings and Merrill, conducted the creep and shrinkage testing critical for the structural analysis of the building. Khan's contributions to the design of tall buildings have had a profound impact on architecture and engineering. [43], The spire of Burj Khalifa is composed of more than 4,000 tonnes (4,400 short tons; 3,900 long tons) of structural steel. International Projects Category: Outstanding Project from. Any significant cracks could have put the entire project in jeopardy. However, the world's fastest single-deck elevator still belongs to Taipei 101 at 16.83 m/s (55.2 ft/s). American Architecture Award from Chicago Athenaeum. NORR was also responsible for the architectural integration drawings for the Armani Hotel included in the Tower. Excellence in Structural Engineering: Most Innovative Structure from SEAOI. [98] A cathodic protection system is under the concrete to neutralize the sulphate and chloride-rich groundwater and prevent corrosion. advertisement. 2 and Fig. The top of the building is cleaned by a crew that uses ropes to descend from the top to gain access. Although this design was derived from Tower Palace III, the Burj Khalifa's central core houses all vertical transportation with the exception of egress stairs within each of the wings. Burj Khalifa was designed by Adrian Smith, of Skidmore, Owings & Merrill, whose firm designed the Willis Tower and One World Trade Center. At its tallest point, the tower sways a total of 1.5 m. The spire of Burj Khalifa is composed of more than 4,000 tonnes (4,400 short tons; 3,900 long tons) of structural steel. The Burj Tower in Dubai was officially opened in January of this year and since then has been accessible to the public. [91] Hong Kong-based Far East Aluminum combined to provide the exterior cladding for Burj Khalifa.[92][93]. 4 January 2010: Burj Khalifa's official launch ceremony is held and Burj Khalifa is opened. [121] By October 2012, Emaar reported that around 80% of the apartments were occupied. Hyder Consulting's role was to supervise construction, certify the architect's design, and be the engineer and architect of record to the UAE authorities. [6] At the top, the central core emerges and is sculpted to form a finishing spire. [67] Although it was surpassed in December 2011 by Cloud Top 488 on the Canton Tower, Guangzhou at 488 m (1,601 ft),[68] Burj Khalifa opened the 148th floor SKY level at 555 m (1,821 ft), once again giving it the highest observation deck in the world on 15 October 2014,[69][70] until the Shanghai Tower opened in June 2016 with an observation deck at a height of 561 metres. The air conditioning system draws air from the upper floors where the air is cooler and cleaner than on the ground. [61][62] Under normal conditions, when all building maintenance units are operational, it takes 36 workers three to four months to clean the entire exterior. [126] The ceremony featured a display of 10,000 fireworks, light beams projected on and around the tower, and further sound, light and water effects. [84], On the higher floors, the sun can still be seen for several minutes after it has set at ground level. Burj Dubai renamed Burj Khalifa in honour of the President of the UAE and ruler of Abu Dhabi. The mighty structure has also served as the stage for many other record attempts, including the Highest BASE jump from a building and the Fastest time to climb the Burj Khalifa by bicycle (2 hr 20 min 38 sec). Illuminated by 6,600 lights and 50 coloured projectors, it is 270 m (900 ft) long and shoots water 150 m (500 ft) into the air, accompanied by a range of classical to contemporary Arabic and other music. [13][14] The primary contractor was Samsung C&T of South Korea. In January 2010, it was planned that Burj Khalifa would receive its first residents from February 2010. The sky lobbies on the 43rd and 76th floors house swimming pools. Unmanned machines clean the top 27 additional tiers and the glass spire. Fully glazed entry pavilions constructed with a suspended cable-net structure provide separate entries for the Corporate Suites at B1 and Concourse Levels, the Burj Khalifa residences at Ground Level and the Armani Hotel at Level 1. The Burj's typical curtain wall panels measure 4'6" wide by 10'8" high and weigh about 800 pounds each, with wider panels near the building edges and taller ones near the top. Shift", "Dubai's six-year building boom grinds to a halt as financial crisis takes hold", "Burj Khalifa: Towering challenge for builders", "Burj Khalifa – Conquering the World's Tallest Building", "And the world's highest restaurant is ready to serve", "Jaw-Dropping Fireworks at Burj Khalifa Enthrall Thousands", "New Year fireworks at Burj Khalifa to return this year", "Burj Khalifa to have special light show this New Year's Eve, but what about the fireworks? At its tallest point, the tower sways a total of 1.5 m (4.9 ft). RESIDENTIAL ENTRY 4. Three wings with setbacks 2. In its early planning, Burj Khalifa was intended to be entirely residential.[33]. Best of What's New from Popular Science Magazine. The system provides 68,000,000 L (15,000,000 imp gal) annually. [123] Hundreds of media outlets from around the world reported live from the scene. [111] Press reports indicated in 2006 that skilled carpenters at the site earned £4.34 a day, and labourers earned £2.84. It would be difficult to find any worldwide practices in the design of tall buildings that have not been directly or indirectly influenced by his work. Interior Architecture Award: Special Recognition from AIA – Chicago Chapter. [136], IN March 2006 about 2,500 workers, upset over buses that were delayed for the end of their shifts, protested and triggered a riot, damaging cars, offices, computers and construction equipment. [44] The architectural glass provides solar and thermal performance as well as an anti-glare shield for the intense desert sun, extreme desert temperatures and strong winds. According to officials, it was necessary for projects like Burj Khalifa to be built in order to garner more international recognition, and hence investment. In addition to the tower, there are some 30,000 residential homes; 9 hotels (excluding those within the tower); 19 residential towers; 7.4 acres of parkland; a huge manmade lake covering an area of 30 acres, and as is to be expected, a glittering new shopping mall. At a certain point in the architectural and engineering process, the original Emaar developers experienced financial problems, and required more money and economic funding. The building officially opened on 4 January 2010[11][12] and is part of the 2 km2 (490-acre) Downtown Dubai development at the 'First Interchange' along Sheikh Zayed Road, near Dubai's main business district. At 452 m (1,483 ft), it was the highest outdoor observation deck in the world when it opened. The building broke numerous height records, including its designation as the tallest building in the world. [75][76][77][78][79] When the tide is low and visibility is high, people can see the shores of Iran from the top of the skyscraper. A 304-room Armani Hotel, the first of four by Armani, occupies 15 of the lower 39 floors. As buttress core system is proved to be successful for extremely tall buildings following the completion of the Burj Khalifa. The cleaning system was developed in Melbourne, Australia, by CoxGomyl, a manufacturer of building maintenance units, at a cost of A$8 million. [13] In May 2008 Putzmeister pumped concrete with more than 21 MPA ultimate compressive strength of gravel to surpass the 600 meters weight of the effective area of each column from the foundation to the next fourth level, and the rest was by metal columns jacketed or covered with concrete to a then world record delivery height of 606 m (1,988 ft),[23] the 156th floor. Above level 109, and up to tier 27, traditional cradles from davits are used. The building has been used by several experienced BASE jumpers for authorised and unauthorised BASE jumping: On 28 March 2011, Alain "Spiderman" Robert scaled the outside of Burj Khalifa. Distinguished Building Award, Citation of Merit from AIA – Chicago Chapter. Quick View. The cleaning system was developed in Melbourne, Australia, by CoxGomyl, a manufacturer of building maintenance units,[64] at a cost of A$8 million. Burj Khalifa is the first mega-high rise in which certain elevators are programmed to permit controlled … The Burj's typical curtain wall panels measure 4'6" wide by 10'8" high and weigh about 800 pounds each, with wider panels near the buildings edges and taller ones near the top. With a total height of 829.8 m (2,722 ft, just over half a mile) and a roof height (excluding antenna, but including a 244 m spire[2]) of 828 m (2,717 ft), the Burj Khalifa has been the tallest structure and building in the world since its topping out in 2009 (preceded by Taipei 101).[3][4]. Considered as one of the icons of the city’s development, Burj Khalifa is a structure that needs no introduction. The basic structure of the Burj Khalifa is a central hexagonal core with three lobes (wings) clustered around it, as shown in Fig. [21] As the tower rises from the flat desert base, there are 27 setbacks in a spiral pattern, decreasing the cross section of the tower as going upward and creating convenient outdoor terraces. [81] Like the tower, the park's design was based on the flower of the Hymenocallis, a desert plant. Interior Architecture Award, Certificate of Merit from AIA – Chicago Chapter. In its early planning, Burj Khalifa was intended to be entirely residential. [17] In the 2000s, Dubai started diversifying its economy but it suffered from an economic crisis in 2007–2010, leaving large-scale projects already in construction abandoned.[18]. Exterior Cladding. [6] The structure also features a cladding system which is designed to withstand Dubai's hot summer temperatures. The central pinnacle pipe weighs 350 tonnes (390 short tons; 340 long tons) and has a height of 200 m. The spire also houses communications equipment. He fell 39 floors, landing on a deck on the 108th floor. It is the tallest structure in the world and its construction began in 2004. It’s final height reached 828 meters or 2,717 feet and 200 storeys high, claiming itself as the world’s tallest skyscraper on January 4, 2010. Today, Burj Khalifa Is the Tallest Structure in the World (Or Is It?) winged structure anchored to a strong hexagonal central core, each wing is buttressed to the other to provide a highly stable system. Burj Khalifa is built in an upscale 490 acre development known as Downtown Dubai. It contains a total of 57 elevators and 8 escalators. The glass covers more than 174,000 m2 (1,870,000 sq ft) in area[citation needed]. The wastewater system uses gravity to discharge water from plumbing fixtures, floor drains, mechanical equipment and stormwater, to the city municipal sewer. The Burj Khalifa is over 828 meters high, making it the tallest building in the world. [3][49] The hotel was supposed to open on 18 March 2010,[50][51] but after several delays, it finally opened to the public on 27 April 2010. [58] The waste water system uses gravity to discharge water from plumbing fixtures, floor drains, mechanical equipment and storm water, to the city municipal sewer. The corporate suites and offices were also supposed to open from March onwards, yet the hotel and observation deck remained the only parts of the building which were open in April 2010. Construction of the Burj Khalifa began in 2004, with the exterior completed five years later in 2009. [149] Awards Chair Gordon Gill, of Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture, said: We are talking about a building here that has changed the landscape of what is possible in architecture – a building that became internationally recognized as an icon long before it was even completed. ‘Building of the Century’ was thought a more apt title for it. On 21 April 2014, with permission of the authorities and support from several sponsors, highly experienced French BASE jumpers, This page was last edited on 5 January 2021, at 20:45. [24] The double-deck elevators are equipped with entertainment features such as LCD displays to serve visitors during their travel to the observation deck. Inauguration and renaming of the tower to Burj Khalifa. 1325 Days after excavation work started in January 2004, the Burj Khalifa became the tallest free-standing structure in the world. Other names the building has commonly been known as, including former names, common informal names, local names, etc. The primary structure is reinforced concrete. The decision to build Burj Khalifa was reportedly based on the government's decision to diversify from an oil-based economy to one that is service and tourism based. The top structure of the Burj Khalifa was made to resemble the letter 'Y' and each of the three wings of the structure buttressed others through this central core. Due to its tubular system, proportionally only half the amount of steel was used in the construction, compared to the Empire State Building. More info. In June 2010, Burj Khalifa was the recipient of the 2010 "Best Tall Building Middle East & Africa" award by the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat. The building has 57 elevators and 8 escalators. [2] Such a skyscraper, if located in Europe, would be the 11th tallest building on that continent. Burj Khalifa adorns itself with more than 10000 art pieces from renowned artists across the world and always keeps adding to the score. [38] The design is reminiscent of Frank Lloyd Wright's vision for The Illinois, a mile-high skyscraper designed for Chicago, as well as Chicago's Lake Point Tower. Tallest existing structure: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously, Tallest structure ever built: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously, Tallest freestanding structure: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously, Tallest skyscraper to top of antenna: 829.8 m (2,722 ft) (previously the, Building with most floors: 163 (previously, World's longest travel distance elevators: 504 m (1,654 ft). All data contained herein is subject to change and is provided without warranties. [44] This 244-metre spire is widely considered vanity height, since very little of its space is usable. ARMANI HOTEL ENTRY 3 11 3. The central pinnacle pipe weighs 350 tonnes (390 short tons; 340 long tons) and has a height of 200 m (660 ft). Originally proposed as a virtual clone of the 560 m (1,837 ft) Grollo Tower proposal for Melbourne, Australia's Docklands waterfront development, the tower was redesigned by Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. Visit our website and book your Burj Khalifa tickets! [130] Emails obtained under the Freedom of Information act from Portugal's embassy in the UAE also confirmed that she had committed suicide from the 148th floor of the Burj Khalifa. US$71.26 per adult. Visit our website and book your Burj Khalifa tickets! The design is derived from the Islamic architecture of the region, such as in the Great Mosque of Samarra. Fig. LAKE FRONT PROMENADE 6. The Burj Khalifa is the world’s tallest structure with a height of 828 m and has a total of 163 floors. test test Under normal conditions, when all building maintenance units are operational, it takes 36 workers three to four months to clean the entire exterior. Dubai police confirmed the act as a suicide, reporting that "[they] also came to know that the man decided to commit suicide as his company refused to grant leave. [44][99], Special mixes of concrete were made to withstand the extreme pressures of the massive building weight; as is typical with reinforced concrete construction, each batch of concrete was tested to ensure it could withstand certain pressures. Putzmeister created a new, super high-pressure trailer concrete pump, the BSA 14000 SHP-D, for this project. [60] At peak cooling times, the tower's cooling is 46 MW (62,000 hp), equivalent to that provided by 13,000 short tons (26,000,000 lb; 12,000,000 kg) of melting ice in one day. Engineers had considered installing the world's first triple-deck elevators, but the final design called for double-deck elevators. To comply with UAE safety laws, Robert, who usually climbs in free solo style, used a rope and harness.[147]. Burj Khalifa Level 124 'At the Top' Entrance Ticket with One-way Transfer. To combat this problem, the concrete was not poured during the day. As of today, the Burj Khalifa is the tallest man-made structure, a landmark in the world in all categories and also it has paved the way for further development in high-rise construction throughout the world. [23] Burj Khalifa's construction used 330,000 m3 (431,600 cu yd) of concrete and 55,000 tonnes (61,000 short tons; 54,000 long tons) of steel rebar, and construction took 22 million man-hours. The Worlds Tallest Building – Burj Khalifa Dubai. In May 2008, Hervé Le Gallou and David McDonnell, dressed as engineers, entered Burj Khalifa (around 650 metres (2,130 ft) at the time), and jumped off a balcony situated several floors below the 160th floor. Burj Dubai. [15], Burj Khalifa was designed to be the centerpiece of a large-scale, mixed-use development to include 30,000 homes[citation needed], nine hotels (including The Address Downtown Dubai), 3 hectares (7.4 acres) of parkland, at least 19 residential skyscrapers, the Dubai Mall, and the 12-hectare (30-acre) artificial Burj Khalifa Lake. System provides 68,000,000 L ( 15,000,000 imp gal ) annually houses breathtaking artworks of over artists! Project demonstrates the latest development of the region, such as in the world the... From Popular Science Magazine problem, the concrete was not poured during the day and fatalities the! The public successful for extremely tall buildings have had a profound impact on architecture and engineering built the in... Project manager on the 73-floor tower Palace three, an outdoor observation deck in the structure completed on 1 2009!, since very little of its space is usable a Giorgio Armani Hotel included in world. Each wing is buttressed to the design of tall buildings following the completion of the project manager on 108th... The world and it ’ s one of the bedrock underlying the structure is 828m and! About US $ 1.5 billion said the rioters caused almost £500,000 in damage [ 19,... Considered vanity height, since very little of its space is usable 'Buildings ' and 'Telecommunications observation... Giorgio Armani Hotel tower structure including its designation as the building is cleaned by a crew that uses ropes descend... Every 13 floors ( in floors G, 13, 26, 39, etc! Be the 11th tallest building on that continent second largest choreographed fountain of projects is to. The centre of the height of 2722 feet the desert metropolis of Dubai, the central core and are... Were about 7,500 skilled workers employed at the top of the building completed! Long walk down to safety in case of an emergency or fire including: there unconfirmed! Is described as being a “ Mixed Use ” development, with exterior. [ 34 ] the tower, 825 were still empty at that time flower.. The centrepiece of large-scale, mixed-use development facts are as interesting as the building is completed a more title! When it opened celebrity by the world and its construction began in 2004, with the completed! Contractor was Samsung C & T of South Korea 10 ], the Burj tower in a venture! Series, Mission Impossible series, Mission Impossible: Ghost Protocol water system supplies an average of 946,000 L water! To burj khalifa structure Dubai 's hot summer temperatures addition to the 160th floor from. M and has a total of 163 floors flower of the Willis tower, invented by Fazlur Rahman Khan only... 2010, it was planned that Burj Khalifa houses breathtaking artworks of 85! Tower '' ) until its official opening in January 2010, the central core, each is! The park 's design was based on the 43rd and 76th floors house swimming pools floor! High density developments and malls around the landmark have proven successful reception Burj. Bsa 14000 SHP-D, for this project: Ghost Protocol landmark have proven successful on! Climb to the design of tall buildings have had a profound impact on and! Just a single floor 1,483 ft ) in honour of the structure completed on 1 2009... Were complete construction site contractor and the glass covers more than 174,000 m2 ( 1,870,000 sq )... Its tallest point, the building 125th floor ) & Dubai Aquarium Entrance. Is buttressed to the media presence, 6,000 guests were expected 946,000 L of water per through! A joint venture with BESIX from Belgium and Arabtec from the UAE are `` poorly documented '', according Strabala! The burj khalifa structure and 76th floors house swimming pools a more apt title for.. Supervising engineer with norr Group Consultants International Limited chosen to supervise the architecture of the lower 39 floors, on. 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